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Getting a Social Security number when you’re new to the US

Who can get a Social Security number, applying through immigration or at an office, what to bring, keeping it safe, and when you need an ITIN instead.

Quick answer

Generally, U.S. citizens and noncitizens allowed to work in the US can get a Social Security number. Many people request it on their immigration application and get the card by mail. Otherwise, apply at a Social Security office with Form SS-5 and original documents like your passport and immigration papers. It’s always free. Keep your card at home. If you can’t get one but need to file taxes, you may need an ITIN from the IRS.

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Your checklist

  • Check if you qualify
  • See if you already applied with immigration
  • Apply with Form SS-5 and originals
  • It’s free; never pay
  • Keep your card at home
  • Not eligible? Ask about an ITIN

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Who can get one

Generally, U.S. citizens and noncitizens with permission from the Department of Homeland Security to work in the US. Some others may qualify for specific needs. Social Security decides based on your documents.

You may already have applied

Many immigration applications include a box to request a Social Security card. If you checked it, your card may arrive by mail.

Applying in person

Complete Form SS-5 and bring original documents (or certified copies), such as your passport, immigration documents showing your status and work permission, and proof of age. Photocopies usually aren’t accepted.

It’s free

Social Security never charges for a number or card. Avoid websites or people asking for fees.

Keep it safe

Store your card at home, not in your wallet. Share your number only when needed.

If you can’t get one

If you need to file U.S. taxes but aren’t eligible for an SSN, you may need an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) from the IRS. Never use someone else’s number.

Official sources, and where to look

To find your local office, search for:

  • ssa.gov office locator
  • IRS ITIN application W-7

Pick sites that end in .gov. Official forms are almost always free.

Common questions

How long does it take to get a Social Security card?

Often a few weeks after Social Security has everything it needs, sometimes longer if documents must be verified. More ›

Can I work while waiting for my card?

If you’re authorized to work, your employer can usually start you while the card is pending. Ask your employer and Social Security. More ›

Can I get a Social Security number without a work permit?

Usually not. Noncitizens generally need work authorization. In limited cases, a number may be issued for a specific non-work reason required by law. More ›

Where do I apply for a Social Security card?

Often on your immigration application, or at a local Social Security office with Form SS-5 and original documents. More ›

Is a Social Security card free?

Yes. Social Security never charges for a number or a replacement card. More ›

What is an ITIN?

An Individual Taxpayer Identification Number from the IRS for people who must file U.S. taxes but can’t get a Social Security number. More ›

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Not yet reviewed by an expert. Last checked 2026-10-29. This is general help, not legal, medical or professional advice. Rules are different in every state.