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Applying for Social Security disability (SSDI)

SSDI vs SSI, the basic disability test, gathering records, applying, the waiting period, appeals after denial, representatives, and Medicare.

Quick answer

SSDI is for people who worked and paid Social Security taxes long enough; SSI is for people with very limited income and savings, and you can apply for both. Your condition must keep you from substantial work and be expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. Gather medical and work records and apply through Social Security. SSDI usually starts after a 5-month waiting period. If denied, appeal within 60 days. Representatives are paid a capped share only if you win.

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Your checklist

  • Know SSDI vs SSI
  • Check the 12-month rule
  • Gather medical and work records
  • Apply as soon as you can
  • Denied? Appeal within 60 days
  • Representatives are paid only if you win

Rather read it? Here’s the whole thing.

Two programs

  • SSDI (Social Security Disability Insurance): for people who worked long enough and recently enough to earn work credits.
  • SSI (Supplemental Security Income): for people with disabilities (or age 65+) who have very limited income and resources.

You can apply for both at once.

The basic test

You must be unable to do substantial gainful work because of a medical condition expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. Social Security looks at medical evidence, your age, education and past work.

Gather information

Doctors, clinics and hospitals with dates, medicines, test results, and the jobs you did in recent years. Keep seeing your doctors; ongoing treatment records matter.

Apply

Online, by phone or at a local office. Apply as soon as you can. SSDI benefits usually begin after a five-month waiting period.

If you’re denied

Many first applications are denied. Appeal within 60 days: 1. Reconsideration. 2. A hearing before an administrative law judge. 3. Appeals Council, then federal court.

Getting help

Disability lawyers and representatives usually charge a fee capped by law, taken from past-due benefits, and only if you win. Avoid anyone demanding large upfront fees.

Health coverage

SSDI recipients usually get Medicare after 24 months of benefits. SSI often comes with Medicaid.

Official sources, and where to look

To find your local office, search for:

  • ssa.gov disability starter kit
  • social security office near me

Pick sites that end in .gov. Official forms are almost always free.

Common questions

How long does an SSDI decision take?

Often several months for the first decision, and longer for appeals. Apply early and respond quickly to requests. More ›

Can I work while applying for disability?

Earnings above a set monthly limit can count against you. Ask Social Security about current limits. More ›

Who qualifies for SSDI?

People who earned enough Social Security work credits and have a medical condition that prevents substantial work and is expected to last at least 12 months or result in death. More ›

What is the difference between SSDI and SSI?

SSDI is based on your work history. SSI is needs-based, for people with very limited income and resources. You can apply for both. More ›

How long does it take to get approved for disability?

First decisions often take several months; appeals take longer. Benefits for SSDI usually start after a five-month waiting period. More ›

What should I do if my disability claim is denied?

Appeal within 60 days. Many people are approved at reconsideration or at a hearing before a judge. More ›

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Not yet reviewed by an expert. Last checked 2026-10-29. This is general help, not legal, medical or professional advice. Rules are different in every state.